If an editor has a competing interest, this will need to be declared, and journals must have appropriate mechanisms for handling editor competing interests when declared (e.g. assigning manuscripts to a different
or overseeing editor). Journals should also have mechanisms for regular collection and recording of standing editor competing interests of relevance to the journal. Where these are pertinent to authors, reviewers, or readers, these should ideally be publicly available, or available on request.

Competing interests are situations that could be perceived to exert an undue influence on the presentation, review or publication of a piece of work. These may be financial (e.g. paid employment, consultancy, honoraria, grants and patents), non-financial, professional, ideological, political, religious, contractual or personal in nature. We also expect that anyone who suspects an undisclosed competing interest regarding a work published or under consideration by Cambridge University Press should inform the relevant editor or email publishingethics@cambridge.g.sjuku.top .

Many of our publications require the inclusion of a funding declaration in addition to a competing interest declaration. Please check the relevant journal’s author instructions regarding declaration requirements.